Technical Service Platform

Technical Service Platform

Recommended Information

In vitro–differentiated Th1/Th17/Treg cells

In vitro–differentiated Th1/Th17/Treg cells

CD4+ helper T cells (Th cells) serve as mediators of cellular immunity and play a critical role in activating other immune cells, such as B cells and cytotoxic T cells, as well as in regulating immune responses.
Antibody-Dependent Cell-Mediated Cytotoxicity Assay (ADCC)

Antibody-Dependent Cell-Mediated Cytotoxicity Assay (ADCC)

Antibodies, as integral components of the immune system, play a crucial role in defending against disease. Antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) is one of the mechanisms by which antibodies exert their effector functions: when IgG antibodies specifically bind via their Fab fragments to antigenic epitopes on the surface of target cells—such as virus-infected cells and tumor cells—the Fc portion of the antibody can engage Fc receptors on effector cells, including natural killer (NK) cells, monocytes–macrophages, and neutrophils, thereby triggering the effector cells’ cytotoxic activity and directly killing the target cells. The ability to elicit ADCC against target cells is an important functional criterion for antibody candidates that are directed against cancer-associated antigens.
Antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis

Antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis

Antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) is one of the mechanisms by which antibody-based therapies exert their antitumor and other therapeutic effects. Currently, therapeutic strategies aimed at enhancing macrophage responses to therapeutic antibodies have garnered significant attention from researchers, including the identification of novel targets and the development of antibodies with enhanced functionality.
Complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC)

Complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC)

Complement is a group of heat-labile, enzymatically active proteins found in human and vertebrate serum and tissue fluids, comprising more than 30 soluble and membrane-bound proteins. Complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC) refers to the lytic effect on target cells resulting from the formation of a membrane attack complex after complement is activated by specific antibodies that bind to corresponding antigens on the cell membrane via the classical pathway of complement activation. Initially, antibodies bind to complement component C1q, which then triggers the sequential activation of C2 through C9 to form the membrane attack complex, ultimately leading to lysis of the target cell.
Cytokine Release Syndrome Risk Assessment (CRS)

Cytokine Release Syndrome Risk Assessment (CRS)

Cytokine release syndrome (CRS) refers to a hyperactive immune response that occurs following infection with pathogenic microorganisms, leading to the rapid activation of numerous immune cells and the massive release of multiple cytokines—including TNF-α, IL-1, IL-6, IL-12, IFN-α, IFN-β, and IFN-γ—within a short period. This results in a severe systemic inflammatory response syndrome. The excessive production of these cytokines can damage tissues and organs, thereby giving rise to a wide range of clinical manifestations. Currently, the standard approach is to closely monitor and target the specific cytokines that trigger the cytokine storm.
Mixed Lymphocyte Reaction (MLR)

Mixed Lymphocyte Reaction (MLR)

The mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR), also known as mixed lymphocyte culture, refers to the proliferation and activation of T cells in response to stimulation by antigen-presenting cells. The intensity of the MLR is used to assess differences in major histocompatibility antigens and the capacity to respond to allogeneic cells. It is commonly employed in pre-transplant tissue typing to determine the degree of compatibility between recipient and donor major histocompatibility complex (HLA) antigens. Because lymphocytes in the MLR are stimulated by alloantigens, they undergo activation and proliferation, producing a wide array of cytokines that promote the differentiation of cytotoxic effector cells such as NK cells, LAK cells, and CTLs; thus, the MLR serves as a widely used experimental model in immunomodulation research. In vitro, the MLR can be used to simulate the ability of dendritic cells to activate or inhibit T-cell proliferation and cytokine secretion, which is a critical mechanism of action for drugs that exert agonistic or antagonistic effects.

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