Hycells Services | “True” Viral Neutralizing Antibody Testing
Release Date:
2023-08-17 13:36
Introduction to Neutralizing Antibodies Against Authentic Viruses
Currently, pseudovirus-based assays closely mimic physiological infection mechanisms and can largely replicate the in vivo therapeutic efficacy; however, there is a substantial discrepancy between neutralization assay results obtained with live viruses and those obtained with pseudoviruses. Therefore, live-virus neutralization assays are an indispensable component of antiviral drug and vaccine development.
Neutralizing antibodies are produced in response to the invasion of pathogenic microorganisms into the host. For a pathogen to infect a cell and subsequently replicate, it must rely on specific molecules expressed by the pathogen itself that bind to receptors on the host cell surface.
Neutralizing antibodies bind to surface antigens of pathogenic microorganisms, thereby blocking the pathogen’s adhesion to target-cell receptors and preventing its entry into cells. Neutralizing antibodies are induced by pathogen surface antigens, whereas non-neutralizing antibodies are induced by viral internal antigens or by non-neutralizing surface antigens. Neutralizing antibodies are also referred to as “functional antibodies.”
Non-neutralizing antibodies cannot prevent pathogenic microorganisms from adhering to host cells, and therefore cannot inhibit pathogen entry into cells. Moreover, not all non-neutralizing antibodies are truly neutral; some can even exert adverse effects.
Key Points in Neutralizing Antibody Testing
Key Point 1 Target virus strain type and source
Key Point 2 Cell type
Key Point 3 How to observe the results
Microcytopathic Effect Assay vs. Plaque Reduction Assay
Compared with the plaque reduction assay, the microcytopathic effect assay is more time- and labor-efficient, exhibits smaller inter-well variability in cell numbers, and yields more stable results, making it well suited for high-throughput sample testing, such as vaccine evaluation.
Neutralizing antibodies bind to antigens on the surface of pathogenic microorganisms, thereby preventing these pathogens from adhering to target cell receptors and inhibiting their entry into cells. As a type of protective antibody, the measurement of neutralizing antibody titers can effectively reflect the host’s state of protection.
Methods for Observing Minute Cytopathic Changes
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